The car collects data directly through its sensors or from the connected smartphone devices (through Bluetooth, USB, or WiFi). This data may be transmitted in real or near-real time to many parties through the vehicle’s Telematics control unit (TCU) (almost all newly manufactured vehicles have one). Data can also be exfiltrated or transmitted in other ways, e.g. when you bring your vehicle for service, or when you sign up for certain services.